In 1936, Soviet writer Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy published a reworked version of Pinocchio titled The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino (originally a character in the commedia dell'arte), which became one of the most popular characters of Russian children's literature. Between 19, translations were made into all European languages and several languages of Asia, Africa and Oceania. The Adventures of Pine Nut), and the first French edition was published in 1902. In 1905, Otto Julius Bierbaum published a new version of the book in Germany, entitled Zapfelkerns Abenteuer (lit. Together with those from the United Kingdom, the American editions contributed to the popularity of Pinocchio in countries more culturally distant from Italy, such as Iceland and Asian countries. From that time, the story was one of the most famous children's books in the United States and an important step for many illustrators. The first appearance of the book in the United States was in 1898, with publication of the first US edition in 1901, translated and illustrated by Walter S. Other well regarded English translations include the 1926 translation by Carol Della Chiesa, and the 1986 bilingual edition by Nicolas J. The popularity of the story was bolstered by the powerful philosopher-critic Benedetto Croce, who greatly admired the tale and reputed it as one of the greatest works of Italian literature.Ĭarlo Collodi, who died in 1890, was respected during his lifetime as a talented writer and social commentator, and his fame continued to grow when Pinocchio was first translated into English by Mary Alice Murray in 1892, whose translation was added to the widely read Everyman's Library in 1911. The title character is a cultural icon and one of the most reimagined characters in children's literature. The book has had great impact on world culture, and it was met with enthusiastic reviews worldwide.
The Adventures of Pinocchio is the world's third most translated book (240-260 languages), and was the first work of Italian children’s literature to achieve international fame.
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